Cyber Security / Red Team

Advanced Subdomain Discovery with Amass and Cheat Sheet

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Advanced SubdomaIn DIscovery wIth Amass and Cheat Sheet

Introduction OWASP Amass is a robust open-source tool designed for asset discovery, subdomain enumeration, and comprehensive attack surface mapping in cybersecurity. By utilizing both passive and active reconnaissance techniques, Amass supports security professionals in detecting hidden domains, IP ranges, and infrastructure links that might otherwise remain unnoticed during a standard assessment. Its modular features include DNS scanning, recursive subdomain discovery, brute-forcing with wordlists, certificate and

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Network Security

What is Port Knocking Implementation and Security: A Comprehensive Guide

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What is Port Knocking Implementation and Security

Introduction Port knocking is a sophisticated technique in network security that serves as a stealthy access control mechanism for sensitive services and endpoints. By requiring a specific sequence of connection attempts across predefined closed ports, port knocking ensures that network services remain concealed from conventional port scans and unauthorized users, effectively making protected services invisible to attackers during

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active directory security

What is DCSync Attack and Mimikatz Usage in Active Directory

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What is DCSync Attack and Mimikatz Usage in Active Directory

Introduction Active Directory (AD) serves as the backbone of enterprise IT infrastructure, managing user authentication, access control, and security policies across organizational networks. However, this critical infrastructure is frequently targeted by sophisticated attackers seeking to gain unauthorized access and maintain persistence within corporate environments. One of the most devastating attacks against Active Directory is the DCSync attack, a technique that leverages legitimate directory replication mechanisms

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web security

Subdomain Takeover Vulnerabilities and Prevention

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Subdomain Takeover Vulnerabilities and Prevention

Introduction Subdomain takeover is a critical security vulnerability that allows attackers to gain unauthorized control over a subdomain of a legitimate domain through misconfigured or abandoned DNS records. This vulnerability exploits the gap between DNS configuration and actual resource ownership, creating an entry point for sophisticated attacks that leverage the trust associated with legitimate domain names. Unlike traditional

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Network Security

SSH Tunneling and Port Forwarding Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide

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SSH Tunneling and Port Forwarding Techniques

Introduction SSH (Secure Shell) tunneling and port forwarding have become indispensable tools for system administrators, cybersecurity professionals, and developers worldwide. In an era where network security threats continuously evolve and data breaches occur with alarming frequency, the ability to create secure encrypted channels for data transmission has never been more critical. SSH tunneling transforms the ubiquitous SSH protocol from a simple remote

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web security

What is Web Cache Poisoning Attack and Defense: A Comprehensive Guide

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What is Web Cache Poisoning Attack and Defense

Introduction Web cache poisoning has emerged as one of the most sophisticated and dangerous attack vectors in modern cybersecurity landscapes. Unlike traditional attacks that target individual users or specific sessions, cache poisoning exploits fundamental vulnerabilities in shared caching systems to distribute malicious content at scale. This attack technique leverages the tension between performance optimization through caching and security

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Network Security

What is SNMP Security and Exploitation: A Comprehensive Guide

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What is SNMP Security and Exploitation

Introduction Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has stood as the cornerstone of network device management since its introduction in the late 1980s, empowering administrators to monitor and control devices ranging from switches and routers to firewalls, servers, and the expanding realm of IoT infrastructure. SNMP’s efficiency, universal support, and lightweight design helped it become a global standard—enabling centralized visibility into network health and

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Network Security

What is NetBIOS and SMB Exploitation Techniques: A Practical Guide

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What is NetBIOS and SMB Exploitation Techniques

Introduction NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) and SMB (Server Message Block) are fundamental protocols that form the backbone of modern Windows networking environments. These protocols enable critical network functions including file sharing, printer access, and inter-process communication across enterprise systems. However, their widespread deployment and legacy compatibility features have made them frequent targets for attackers seeking unauthorized network access. Understanding how these protocols work, their inherent

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active directory security / Network Security

What are Pass-the-Hash and Pass-the-Ticket Attacks: A Comprehensive Guide

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What are Pass-the-Hash and Pass-the-Ticket Attacks A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction In contemporary cybersecurity, attackers continuously evolve their methods, moving beyond conventional password cracking and brute-force attacks to exploit the deeper weaknesses in authentication systems. Among the most serious threats to enterprise networks are Pass-the-Hash (PtH) and Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) attacks, which allow attackers to leverage stolen authentication material directly—whether in the form of hashed passwords or Kerberos tickets—without ever needing to obtain plaintext

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Cyber Security

Mastering Linux Firewalls: A Deep Dive into Netfilter and iptables

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Mastering Linux Firewalls A Deep Dive into Netfilter and iptables

Introduction Linux firewalls form the critical security perimeter of modern infrastructure, protecting servers, networks, and cloud environments from unauthorized access and malicious traffic. At the heart of this protection lies the Netfilter framework, a sophisticated kernel-level infrastructure that intercepts and processes network packets at strategic points in the networking stack. iptables, the user-space command-line utility, provides administrators with granular control over firewall policies, enabling the

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