Introduction Linux privilege escalation is a critical security concern that involves exploiting vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to system resources. This technique is commonly used by attackers to elevate their privileges from a limited user account to the root user, allowing them full control over the system. The root user has unrestricted access, enabling them to modify system configurations, install
Introduction Active Directory (AD) serves as the central nervous system for identity and access management in enterprise environments, governing user authentication, resource permissions, and group policies across networks. Despite its critical role, AD environments are frequent targets for attackers due to inherent complexities and common misconfigurations—such as overly permissive access controls, legacy protocol support (e.g., NTLMv1), and unpatched vulnerabilities. Remote Active Directory pentesting simulates adversarial tactics to
Introduction Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows environments, playing a crucial role in managing users, computers, and network resources. Since its launch with Windows 2000, AD has become essential for organizations of all sizes, providing functionalities such as authentication, authorization, and centralized management of access and policies. One of the key benefits of Active Directory is its ability to streamline
Introduction In today’s digital world, system security has become more critical than ever with the rise of cyber attacks. The Linux operating system is widely used in many different environments, including servers, desktops, and embedded systems. Therefore, ensuring the security of Linux systems is of critical importance. This is where Lynis comes in. Lynis is an open-source security auditing tool developed for Linux, macOS, and Unix-based
Introduction Reverse engineering is a systematic analysis process aimed at understanding the operational principles of an existing product or system. This process can be applied to software, hardware, or mechanical systems and plays a critical role in areas such as security analysis, product development, and the creation of innovative solutions. By enabling a deeper understanding of complex systems, reverse engineering also lays
Introduction In the realm of cybersecurity, various tools and techniques are employed to secure systems. One such tool, Kerbrute, is designed to quickly brute-force and enumerate valid Active Directory accounts through Kerberos Pre-Authentication. This article will delve into what Kerbrute is, its role in cybersecurity, how it works, and practical usage examples. Learning Objectives What is Kerbrute? Kerbrute is a command-line tool developed
Introduction In today’s digital landscape, understanding the vulnerabilities of internet-connected devices is crucial for cybersecurity. Shodan has emerged as a unique tool in this domain, often referred to as “the search engine for hackers.” Developed by John Matherly in 2009, Shodan allows users to discover various devices connected to the internet, providing insights that can be invaluable for both security professionals and malicious
Introduction In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, web security has emerged as a paramount concern for individuals and organizations alike. As web applications become increasingly integral to business operations and personal interactions, the need to safeguard sensitive information—such as personal data, financial records, and intellectual property—has never been more critical. Cyberattacks, data breaches, and other security threats pose significant risks that can lead
Introduction Hacker search engines play a critical role in the field of cybersecurity. These tools assist hackers and security professionals in identifying vulnerabilities within systems, accessing sensitive information, and discovering various resources across the internet. The vast and complex nature of the internet can make it challenging to find accurate information. However, hacker search engines enable users to access specific data
Introduction In today’s rapidly digitizing world, the importance of data security has never been greater. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, organizations must adopt more effective strategies to safeguard their information. Cyberattacks can lead not only to significant financial losses but also to severe damage to an organization’s reputation. In this context, penetration testing (pentesting) plays a crucial role. It is an authorized simulated