Introduction HTML injection is a critical web security vulnerability that arises when a web application fails to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input before including it in the HTML output. This flaw enables attackers to inject arbitrary HTML code into web pages, which is then rendered by the browser when viewed by other users. As a result, attackers can
Introduction Linux privilege escalation is a critical security concern that involves exploiting vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to system resources. This technique is commonly used by attackers to elevate their privileges from a limited user account to the root user, allowing them full control over the system. The root user has unrestricted access, enabling them to modify system configurations, install
Introduction The rapid advancement of digital technologies has led to a significant increase in the number of internet-connected devices across all sectors. Critical infrastructures including energy plants, transportation networks, healthcare systems, and public services are now more interconnected than ever before. This digital transformation brings undeniable benefits, such as improved operational efficiency, enhanced monitoring capabilities, and streamlined management processes. However, it also introduces new vulnerabilities, as
Introduction Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is recognized as one of the most widespread and critical vulnerabilities affecting modern web applications. Its prevalence is due in large part to the dynamic and interactive nature of today’s web, where user-generated content is everywhere-from comment sections and forums to search bars and profile pages. Attackers exploit XSS flaws by injecting malicious scripts into trusted
Introduction Active Directory (AD) is a core component of Windows network management, allowing administrators to efficiently manage users, groups, and resources. As a central directory service, AD facilitates authentication and authorization, vital for security and policy enforcement. Understanding Active Directory enumeration is crucial for security professionals. Enumeration involves extracting detailed information like user accounts and group memberships, which helps identify potential vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. This article explores
Introduction Netcat, often hailed as the “Swiss Army knife” of the networking world, is a remarkably versatile command-line utility capable of performing a wide spectrum of network-related tasks. From conducting simple port scans to facilitating intricate network debugging processes, Netcat’s inherent flexibility renders it an indispensable tool for system administrators, network engineers, security professionals, and even software developers. This cheat sheet aims to provide a
SQL injection (SQLi) is a prevalent web security vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate SQL queries by injecting malicious code into input fields. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in applications that do not properly validate or sanitize user inputs, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands. The consequences of successful SQL injection attacks can be severe, leading to unauthorized access
Introduction Network traffic analysis is one of the cornerstones of modern network management and cybersecurity. Wireshark is one of the most popular and effective tools in this domain. As an open-source network protocol analyzer, Wireshark allows users to capture, inspect, and analyze network traffic in real-time. This tool is critical for both network administrators and security professionals, facilitating the deep examination of
Introduction Security testing is an essential part of evaluating the safety of a system or application. One critical component of these tests is password cracking attacks. Hydra is a popular tool used to perform such attacks. In this article, we will provide information on the basic usage of Hydra, its commands, and example usage scenarios for various protocols. Learning Objectives After
Introduction Python is widely used in various applications as a flexible and powerful programming language. One of the key features of this language is the ability to easily use different data types. Understanding and using data types correctly in Python is essential for effective and error-free coding. In this article, we will examine the basic data types in Python